Human behavior Essay

look of individual(a)s in various settings is at times actually difficult due to ethical constraints. This includes the investigation of wherefore flock take finds or gamble with their decision making processes. However, it is quite interesting to note that on situations which ar not so threatening for individuals, it is apparent that people typically take risks in choice their options or when making their final choice. The following shows available data on tender-hearted motivation and the theories skirt the topic.Risk pickings is defined as engaging in any activity with an uncertain outcome, as one scholar puts it. Theories of Motivation on Risk Taking Different theories describe and explain risk taking and why human beings are motivated to pursue or engage in activities or behavior that put their lives in much danger or create an element of risk of any(prenominal) form. The following are taken from current literature in the field of human behavior analysis. 1. psychoanal ytical or Psychodynamic Theory.Following the tradition of Freud, human motivation to take risks is taken from the basic understanding that when people feel fear in a certain situation or occasion, it is not good to scourge that fear. Freudian theory condemns outrightly risk taking as plain alienation. It reasons that to risk mans very life has no warrant at all. It is nonsense. In other important spheres of life, however, to risk is inevitable and deemed necessary. thither are many successful people in the business world who are known as risk takers (Llewellyn, 2003).They succeed, in fact, because of this unique attitude in them which is considered foolhardy in other realms. speckle it is trus twainrthy that life is the most precious commodity a man could ever possess, and to risk it is foolishness, it is equally consecutive that not to risk at all in other areas means cowardice and immobility. Psychoanalysts even accost risk-taking behavior as a symptom of a diseased mind. B ecause for them, life is not to be gambled, therefore, it is insanity when someone chooses bungee-jumping as his/her sport (Llewellyn, 2003). 2. The Evolutionary Theory.Evolutionary theory explained mans adventurous personality as simply an expression of his primal instincts (Llewellyn, 2003). Assuming that Darwins theory is correct, that man evolved from apes deal usual animal, a human early in the evolutionary process had to fight for his life to survive. This survival nature, match to this theory, is retained in modern mans genetic make up (Llewellyn, 2003). This is the reason why even those people in the elite echelon of society choose to use their favorite sport like riding a dirigible as their campaign tool to promote their business.The problem with this theory is that it has remained to be unproven and lacking in evidences as yet. Humans are not proven to have descended from apes. 3. modern-day Theories a. Extroversion and Introversion Personality theories con tend that this two broad scope of personality traits capture the individuals propensity towards behaving in certain ways. Extroversion helps explain why some people tend to be outgoing and hence, the greater the probability to engage in risky decisions (Llewellyn, 2003). b. Emotional Stability and neurosisThis is another of the Contemporary theories that shed light on traits that remain stable over a occlusion of time, clearly indicating which may best describe an individual and what differs him/her from another. Emotionally stable people, as those who posit on this mock up, may take risks but have taken many things to great lengths in order to irritate the best possible option or alternative (Llewellyn, 2003). Conversely, people who are to a greater extent on the neuroticism side manifest the greater tendency to take risks without much weighing on the consequences.The tendency to be impulsive is to a higher degree present in individuals under this category. 4. Eysenck and Costa and McCr aes model These two theorists added their own version to the array of personality theories. The former has the Psychoticism versus Humaneness dimension small-arm the latter two theorists added three dimensions Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness. The main argument against these classifications is its narrowness in explaining and categorizing the complexities that make human behavior (Llewellyn, 2003).While they help explore different behaviors or attitudes, there are more that remained unexplained. Until now, certain serial killers or murderers, defy the above mentioned explanations of human behavior. 5. The Zuckerman admirer Seeking Trait Although an expansion on one of the features of Psychoticism and Humaneness model, Sensation Seeking helps also explain the differences between individuals. There are people who do have a higher degree of this trait like more men seek sensation-enhancing-experiences or venturesome traits, while others have very minimal o f this trait.This is what Zuckerman refers to in his Sensation seeking trait theory. What other experts consider as this theorys limitation is embedded in the matter of other personality traits influence on risk taking behavior other than this trait by itself. Studies reveal that the psychological profiles of risk takers are diverse and the universality of this trait is still further being investigated (Llewellyn, 2003). Risk taking is a absorbing area of interest for many students of human behavior.When explored through the eyes of a Psychoanalyst, the subject becomes even more intriguing because Freudian understanding possesses an attractive alternative to the more cognitive way of assessing risk taking behavior. When the subject of evolutionary psychology of explaining risk taking behavior is concerned, it contains a ring of truth in it that many today are convinced of its manner of explaining behavior. Instinct is still a potent aspect in behavior that cannot be eradicated fro m the study of behavior of humans (Llewellyn, 2003).When people are confronted with the distinctiveness of the human personality, the dimensions are almost unlimited some experts opt for the multi-dimensional method while others choose the narrow and elliptical way. All of these approaches have their strengths and weaknesses degree of breadth and limitations. However, they are good and profitable for jumpstarting further explorations into the human chief and its accompanying expressions.Reference 1. Llewellyn, David J. 2003. The Psychology of Risk Taking. Accessed in www. risktaking. co. uk.